|
Description
ISS013-E-77377 (5 Sept. 2006) --- Bernese Alps, Switzerland is featured in this image photographed by an Expedition 13 crewmember onboard the International Space Station. The formidable mountain system of the Alps stretches across much of central Europe, with seven countries claiming portions of the mountains within their borders (Germany, France, Switzerland, Italy, Liechtenstein, Austria, and Slovenia). The glacial landscape of the Bernese Alps, located in southwestern Switzerland, is well illustrated by this view. The image was taken by a crewmember looking north-northwest while the station was located over the Mediterranean Sea between Corsica and Italy -- this oblique viewing angle imparts a sense of perspective to the image. This type of viewing angle complements more nadir (downward)--viewing imagery of the region. Three of the higher peaks of the central Alps are visible--Jungfrau (4,158 meters), Moench (4,089 meters), and Eiger (3,970 meters). To the east and south of the Jungfrau is the Aletsch Glacier, clearly marked by dark medial moraines extending along the glacier's length parallel to the valley axis. The moraines are formed from rock and soil debris collected along the sides of three mountain glaciers located near the Jungfrau and Moench peaks -- as these flowing ice masses merge to form the Aletsch Glacier, the debris accumulates in the middle of the glacier and is carried along the flow direction. According to geologists, Lake Brienz to the northwest was formed by the actions of both glacial ice and the flowing waters of the Aare and Lutschine rivers, and has a maximum depth of 261 meters. The lake has a particularly fragile ecosystem, as demonstrated by the almost total collapse of the whitefish population in 1999. Possible causes for the collapse, according to the scientists, include increased water turbidity associated with upstream hydropower plant operations, and reduction of phosphorus (a key nutrient for lake algae, a basic element of the local food web) due to water quality concerns.
Author
Mayr, Johann Georg, 1800-1864
Note
Sheet two of eleven-sheet topographic atlas, representing the countries of the Alps. This sheet - northeast - includes Switzerland, Southern Bavaria and Ulm (Germany), Northern Tyrol and Innsbruck (Austria). Shows cities, railroads, topography, lakes and drainage. Relief illustrated with hachures. Black and white engraving, with hand-colored outlines. Includes two bar scales, with scale statements. Sectioned and backed with linen, folded, and housed in a box together with set. Front cover (of folded map) includes a thumbnail image of this sheet, numbered 2. Map is 41 x 63 cm, on sheet 47 x 68 cm, folded to 24 x 17 cm.
Author
Scheda, Joseph Ritter (1815-1888)
Author
Lazius, Wolfgang, 1514-1565
Author
Lazius, Wolfgang, 1514-1565
Author
Scheda, Joseph Ritter (1815-1888)
Author
Robert de Vaugondy, Gilles, 1688-1766
Note
Engraved map. Hand col. borders. Relief shown pictorially. Ornamental cartouche.
Author
[Robert de Vaugondy, Didier, 1723-1786, Robert de Vaugondy, Gilles, 1688-1766]
Note
Engraved map. Hand col. borders. Relief shown pictorially. Ornamental cartouche.
Author
[Robert de Vaugondy, Didier, 1723-1786, Robert de Vaugondy, Gilles, 1688-1766]
Note
Engraved map. Hand col. borders. Relief shown pictorially. Ornamental cartouche.
Author
Pinkerton, John, 1758-1826
Note
Engraved map. Full hand col. Relief shown by hachures. Includes also "Pt. of Salzburg." "Pinkerton's modern atlas."
Author
Vivien de St Martin, L.
Note
Engraved. Districts outlined in color. In French. Relief shown by hachures. Two scales shown.
Author
Moll, Herman, d. 1732
Note
Hand col. engraved map. Relief shown pictorially.
Author
Moll, Herman, d. 1732
Note
Hand col. engraved map. Relief shown pictorially. Includes geographical notes. "Lorrain was ceded to France A.D. 1736 ..."
Author
[Schrader, Vivien St Martin, L.]
Note
Number and title also on outside front of sheet. Lithographed. Folded. Full color. States outlined in color. Relief shown by hachures. Meridian Paris.
Author
Delarochette, Louis Stanislas d'Arcy
Note
Engraved map in outline color. Printed on 4 sheets. Shows vegetation, banks, etc. Relief shown pictorially. Prime meridian: Ferro. Ornamental title cartouche. David Rumsey Collection copy mounted as 2 sheets; portions of sheet titles in upper margin of lower sheets missing.
Author
Delarochette, Louis Stanislas d'Arcy
Note
Engraved map in outline color. Printed on 2 sheets with titles: The Circles of Lower Rhine, Franconia, Swabia, Bavaria, with the southern parts of the Circles of ... -- Eastern parts of Bohemia, and of the Circle of Austria ... Shows vegetation, etc. Relief shown pictorially. Prime meridian: Ferro. Ornamental title cartouche. David Rumsey Collection copy mounted as 1 sheet; portions of sheet titles in upper margin missing.
Author
Mitchell, Samuel Augustus
Note
States tinted in color. Meridian Greenwich. Relief shown by hachures. Shows canals and railroads.
Author
[Bourquin, Frederick, Mitchell, Samuel Augustus, Tanner, Henry S.]
Note
Lithographed. Tables of Explanation, and the German States keyed to map.
Author
Playfair, James
Note
Engraved uncolored map. Relief shown by hachures. Rivers shown.
Author
Playfair, James
Note
Engraved uncolored map. Relief shown by hachures. Forested areas, roads, etc. shown. Place names in Latin.
Author
Stein, Christ. Gottfr. Dan.
Note
Hand colored map on 2 sheets. Contents: Sud-Deutschland -- Oesterreich. Relief shown by hachures. Shows populated places, mineral baths, harbors, railroads, canals, roads, etc. "Zeichen- und Schrift-Erklarung, Reduction und Masstab wie bei der Karte von Nord- und Mittel-Deutschland." Prime meridians: Paris and Ferro. "Stein, Neuer Atlas der ganzen Erde."
Author
[Brue, Adrien Hubert, 1786-1832, Picquet, C.]
Note
Hand colored engraved map. Relief shown by hachures. Prime meridian: Paris. In embossed seal: Propriete acquise en 1835.
Author
[Brue, Adrien Hubert, 1786-1832, Picquet, C.]
Note
Hand colored engraved map. Relief shown by hachures. Prime meridian: Paris. In lower margin: A Paris, Chez l'Auteur, rue des Macons-Sorbonne, no. 9, et chez les principaux m(archan)ds de cartes geographiques." In embossed seal: Propriete acquise en 1835.
Author
Spruner von Merz, Karl
Note
Hand colored map. Relief shown by hachures.
Author
Spruner von Merz, Karl
Note
Hand colored map. Relief shown by hachures.
Author
Houze, Antoine Philippe
Note
Hand colored map. Explanation in lower margin. Prime meridian: Paris.
Author
Houze, Antoine Philippe
Note
Hand colored map. Explanation in lower margin. Prime meridian: Paris.
Author
Houze, Antoine Philippe
Note
Hand colored map. Explanation in lower margin. Prime meridian: Paris.
Author
Houze, Antoine Philippe
Note
Hand colored map. Explanation in lower margin. Prime meridian: Paris.
Author
Houze, Antoine Philippe
Note
Hand colored map. Explanation in lower margin. Prime meridian: Paris.
Author
Houze, Antoine Philippe
Note
Hand colored map. Explanation in lower margin. Prime meridian: Paris.
Author
Houze, Antoine Philippe
Note
Hand colored map. Explanation in lower margin. Prime meridian: Paris.
Author
Houze, Antoine Philippe
Note
Hand colored map. Explanation in lower margin. Prime meridian: Paris.
Author
Houze, Antoine Philippe
Note
Hand colored map. Explanation in lower margin. Prime meridian: Paris.
Author
Houze, Antoine Philippe
Note
Hand colored map. Explanation in lower margin. Prime meridian: Paris.
Author
Houze, Antoine Philippe
Note
Hand colored map. Explanation in lower margin. Prime meridian: Paris.
Author
Houze, Antoine Philippe
Note
Hand colored map. Explanation in lower margin. Prime meridian: Paris.
Author
[Menke, Th., Spruner von Merz, Karl]
Note
Hand colored map. Relief shown by hachures. Prime meridian: Ferro.
Author
Brue, Adrien Hubert, 1786-1832
Note
Hand colored engraved map. Relief shown by hachures. Prime meridian: Paris.
Author
Brue, Adrien Hubert, 1786-1832
Note
Hand colored engraved map. Relief shown by hachures. Prime meridian: Paris.
Note
Engraved map. Hand colored. Relief shown pictorially. Prime meridians: Washington and Greenwich.
Author
Flemming, Carl
Note
Hand colored lithographed map. Relief shown by hachures. Prime meridian: Ferro.
Author
Reichard, C. G.
Note
Map with outline hand coloring. Relief shown by hachures. Includes key "Deutscher Bund" in upper margin. Prime meridian: Ferro.
Author
[Berghaus, Heinrich, 1797-1884, Sohr, Karl, Flemming, Carl]
Note
Hand colored in outline map, with inset: Continuation of map. Includes color coded key and legend. Relief shown by hachures.
Author
[Meyer, Herrmann Julius, 1826-1909., Ravenstein, Ludwig]
Note
Overview and alphabetical list of the railway system of Germany and Austria.
Author
[Meyer, Herrmann Julius, 1826-1909., Ravenstein, Ludwig]
Note
Overview and alphabetical list of the railway system of Germany and Austria.
|
