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Description
ISS015-E-07725 (11 May 2007) --- Marsh Island, Louisiana is featured in this image photographed by an Expedition 15 crewmember on the International Space Station. Marsh Island, located along the southwestern coastline of Louisiana, is a remnant of an abandoned lobe of the Mississippi River Delta formed approximately 5000-7500 years before the present day, according to scientists. It is composed primarily of organic-rich muds and brackish marsh vegetation (some peat -- semiconsolidated plant and organic matter -- is also present). The intricate lake, pond and stream network of the island is highlighted in this image by silver-gray sunglint -- light reflected off of water surfaces directly back to the crewmember on the space station. Sunglint also illuminates water surfaces in the adjacent Gulf of Mexico and West Cote Blanche Bay -- variations in intensity of reflectance in these water bodies is due to surface roughness (often related to wind-driven waves or currents) and the presence of surfactants that can change the surface properties of the water. Marsh Island is a popular fishing, shrimping and birding location. The island has experienced significant loss of vegetation and land area -- nearly 3,000 hectares (7,000 acres) - due to erosion, with a corresponding loss of habitat for local and migratory birds, shrimp, alligators and deer. While Marsh Island is uninhabited, it has been the focus of intensive development for management of erosion, such as revegetation of deteriorated marsh areas. Leveed canals (straight silver-gray water features) help drain areas for above-surface revegetation, while sill dams help stabilize water levels and foster regrowth of important subsurface vegetation such as widgeongrass.
Description
STS090-E-5115 (23 April 1998) --- Part of Greater New Orleans, Louisiana was captured with an electronic still camera (ESC) as the Space Shuttle Columbia passed over Louisiana. In the almost vertical view, north is toward the top of the frame. New Orleans Lakefront Airport and the south end of the long causeway are recognizable features associated with Lake Poncartrain at the top of the frame. The Superdome is visible as a pinhead-sized object just below center. New Orleans International Airport is out of frame to the west (left). The Mississippi River snakes through the image from Avondale (western or left edge of frame) to Gretna (on the east or right). The photo was taken at 16:37:05 GMT, April 23, 1998.
Description
ISS014-E-08179 (18 Nov. 2006) --- New Orleans, Louisiana is featured in this image photographed by an Expedition 14 crewmember on the International Space Station. The location of New Orleans, in a shallow depression within unconsolidated deltaic sediments, makes it particularly vulnerable to subsidence and increased likelihood of flooding. The average elevation of metropolitan New Orleans is 1.8 meters below sea level, and a complicated system of levees, pumps, and upstream control structures on the Mississippi River is necessary to maintain dry conditions in the city. The ground subsidence occurs from groundwater withdrawal, reduction of sediment delivery by the Mississippi River, and land use changes (such as draining of wetlands) associated with continuing development. The low areas can be flooded by river floods, storm surges, or failure of levees holding back surrounding lake waters - as demonstrated catastrophically during Hurricane Katrina in 2005. Sunglint accentuates the wetland setting of New Orleans in this image by highlighting the numerous lakes, pond, and rivers (in various shades of silver-gray) surrounding the city. The view was acquired by a crewmember looking southwest from the station, which was located over north-central Alabama at the time this image was taken. Lake Pontchartrain borders New Orleans to the north, and the Lake Pontchartrain Causeway (36 kilometers in length) appears as a dark linear feature against the lake surface. Variations in surface water coloration to the east and west of the Causeway reflect the dynamics of the surface waters (including surface currents and wind-induced roughening). The patterns are made visible by the presence of surfactants on the water surface. Low cloud cover produces a blue-gray haze visible at lower left.
Author
Melish, John
Note
In outline color with soundings.
Note
Hand colored. Relief shown by hachures. Shows settlements, railroads, rivers, etc. Prime meridians: Greenwich and Washington.
Author
Rand McNally and Company
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List of geographical features indexed to map.
Author
Mitchell, Samuel Augustus Jr.
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Hand colored. Relief shown by hachures. Shows settlements, railroads, rivers, etc. Prime meridians: Greenwich and Washington.
Author
[Bartholomew, John, Black, Adam & Charles]
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States outlined in color. Land tinted.
Author
Lange, Henry, 1821-1893.
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Engraved map. Borders hand col. Shows roads, railroads, swamps, etc. Relief shown by hachures.
Author
Asher & Adams
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Washington Meridian. Hand tinted full color. Shows railroads, settlements, counties, waterways, and lakes. Engraved.
Author
Johnson, A.J.
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Engraved color map with districts differentiated by color. Shows roads and railroads.
Author
Bache, A. D.
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Engraved nautical chart. Relief shown by hachures; depths by soundings. Includes descriptive notes. In upper margin "Presented under authority of an act of Congress of the United States of June 3d 1844 by direction of the Treasury Department, A.D. Bache Superintendent Coast Survey."
Author
State Farm Insurance Companies Travel Bureau
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Color map. Shows roads, points of interest, distances, time zone boundaries, populations, etc. U.S. interstate and principal state highways shown in red. Relief shown by hachures.
Author
Letts, Son & Co.
Note
Colored map. The 10-sheet set shows cities, British consular offices, railroads, canals, roads, lights and lighthouses, relief by hachures, etc. This sheet covers parts of Alabama, Mississippi, Louisiana and Arkansas.
Author
Bache, Alexander D.
Note
Engraved nautical chart, showing hydrographic details of Cat and Ship Island harbors in Mississippi. Relief shown by hachures; depths shown by soundings and isolines. Includes descriptive notes. In upper margin "Presented under authority of an act of Congress of the United States of June 3d 1844 by direction of the Treasury Department, A.D. Bache Superintendent Coast Survey". Includes list of the tides and winds, sailing directions and abbreviations.
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Hand colored. Relief shown by hachures. Shows settlements, railroads, rivers, etc. Prime meridians: Greenwich and Washington.
Author
Johnson, Alvin Jewett, 1827-1884.
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Engraved hand colored in outline map on 2 sheets. Shows state and county boundaries, towns, villages, roads, railroads and rivers. Prime meridians are Greenwich and Washington.
Author
Meyer, Joseph, 1796-1856
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Engraved outline hand color map. Shows administrative boundaries, cities and towns. Relief shown by hachures. Prime meridians are Greenwich and Washington.
Author
Mitchell, Samuel Augustus
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Hand colored. Relief shown by hachures. Shows settlements, railroads, rivers, etc. Prime meridians: Greenwich and Washington.
Author
[Black, Adam, Black, Charles]
Author
Mitchell, Samuel Augustus
Note
Hand colored. Shows settlements, railroads, etc. Prime meridians: Greenwich and Washington.
Author
Anville, Jean Baptiste Bourguignon d, 1697-1782
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Engraved map on 2 sheets. Includes geographical notes. Relief shown pictorially; depths by soundings. Inset map: Partie superieure de la Louisiane. David Rumsey copy mounted as 1 sheet.
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Engraved map with facing index page. Outline hand color. Relief shown by hachures. Prime meridians: Washington and Greenwich.
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Black and white map. Shows state boundaries, settlements, railroads, etc.
Author
Poussin, Guillaume Tell, 1794-1876
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Engraved map with 3 insets. Insets numbered Fig. 1-3. Includes profile in 2 segments.
Author
Lloyd, H.H.
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Hand col. lithographed map. Counties in full color.
Author
Bellin, Jacques Nicolas, 1703-1772
Note
From J.F. Letenneur: "Exceptional onboard document of this rare and fabulous maritime atlas, a masterpiece by the greatest French hydrographer of the 18th century, with maps of all the coastlines known at the time. Bound with the coat of arms of the King of France, the atlas was taken by the English aboard the frigate la Nymphe, off the coasts of Ushant August 10, 1780, during one of the naval battles of the American War of Independence which took place on European waters. In the context of the war at the end of the 18th century, and of the rivalry between the French and British Navy, maritime atlases, were strategic tools, and this “Hydrographie Françoise” more so than any other, because its purpose was to provide the best maritime charts for the French ships that were fighting on the American side against the British. (The handwritten captions throughout most of the atlas are prices for individual maps and all include the same mention: “for sailors”). These atlases were not the kind to be kept in a library, but precious tools, based on the observations of the travelers and continuously improved upon, as reflect in the present copy. It was bound with the engraved title page of the edition of 1737-1765, but the index includes maps printed after 1765 (until 1772), and the copy was augmented by six maps that do not appear in the index (until 1776), as well as 14 pages of text from the Versailles edition of 1773. The later maps are signed by Verdun de la Crenne and were done during the campaigns of the Flore (1771-1772) and of the Isis led by Fleurieu in 1768-1769. The captions explain that the maps were created using the latest technology of the day that could measure longitude (maritime clocks)." (Continued in the Pub Note field).
Author
[State Farm Insurance Companies Travel Bureau, Rand McNally and Company]
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Color map. U.S. interstate highways shown in red. Shows roads, capitals, population of cities and towns, etc. Relief shown by hachures. On the lower corner: v.3622. On the upper corner: Ark., La., Miss.
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Engraved map. Full hand color. Relief shown pictorially. Prime meridians: Greenwich and Washington. "XXXIII."
Author
Jefferys, Thomas
Note
Engraved nautical chart showing rhumb lines, the Flota's track from Vera Cruz to Havana to avoid the trade winds, currents, etc. Depths shown by soundings and one isoline. Includes notes. Sheet DF.3 of "... a complete chart of the West Indies ..."
Author
[Hinton, Isaac Taylor, 1799-1847, Simpkin & Marshall]
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Hand col. engraved map. Relief shown by hachures. Prime meridians: Washington and Greenwich. "94."
Author
[Julius Bien & Co., United States. War Department]
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Col. map. Shows settlements, railroads, roads, etc.
Author
[Julius Bien & Co., United States. War Department]
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Col. map. Relief shown by hachures. Shows settlements, railroads, roads, ferries, etc.
Author
[Hader, Berta Hoerner (1890-1976), Hader, Elmer Stanley (1889-1973]
Author
[Matz, Otto H., United States. War Department]
Note
Two col. maps. Relief shown by hachures. Includes "Cross sections and profiles of works shown on Map 2, Siege of Vicksburg, Miss."
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